Economics 470/570
Winter 2006
Review Questions Through Week 9
[pdf file.]
Definitions
Consumption, disposable income, MPC and MPS
Investment
Government spending
Aggregate demand or expenditures
Autonomous expenditures
Expenditure multiplier
Autonomous money demand
IS curve
LM curve
Policy effectiveness
Crowding out
Essay
1. Show graphically using a money demand – money supply diagram and explain intuitively how the interest rate changes if (a) the nominal money supply increases, (b) the price level increases, (c) real income increases, and (d) autonomous money demand increases.
2. Derive the LM curve graphically and explain intuitively why the LM curve slopes upward.
3. Explain why the LM curve is vertical when money demand is unaffected by changes in the interest rate (as in the classical model). More generally, show graphically and explain intuitively how the slope of the LM curve changes when the responsiveness of money demand to the interest rate (|Li|) increases.
4. What factors cause the LM curve to shift? In what direction do they shift the LM curve? Show the shifts graphically using money demand - money supply and LM curve diagrams.
5. Explain why setting income equal to expenditures is equivalent to setting saving equal to investment.
6. What does the 45 degree line diagram show? Show the equilibrium on the 45 degree line diagram and explain how the economy moves to equilibrium if output differs from its equilibrium value. How will the equilibrium level of output change if there is a change in autonomous consumption, investment, government spending, or taxes? Explain. How will income change if the interest rate falls?
7. What is the expenditure multiplier? Why is it useful?
8. Explain why investment is negatively related to the interest rate.
9. Derive the IS curve graphically and explain intuitively why the IS curve slopes downward.
10. Show graphically and explain intuitively how the slope of the IS curve changes when the responsiveness of investment to the interest rate (|Ii|) increases. When is investment more sensitive to changes in the interest rate, at full employment or in a recession? Explain.
11. What factors cause the IS curve to shift? In what direction do they shift the IS curve? Show the shifts graphically using 45 degree line and IS curve diagrams.
12. Show graphically and explain intuitively how an increase in (a) the money supply, and (b) government spending affects income and the interest rate in the IS-LM model.
13. Use the IS-LM model to examine how the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy changes as investment becomes less sensitive to the interest rate. Explain the result intuitively.
14. Use the IS-LM model to examine how the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy changes as money demand becomes less sensitive to the interest rate. Explain the result intuitively.
