Definitions
Quantity equation
Velocity of money
Equation of exchange
Consumption, disposable income, MPC and MPS
Investment
Government spending
Aggregate demand or expenditures
Autonomous expenditures
Expenditure multiplier
Autonomous money demand
IS curve
LM curve
Policy effectiveness
Crowding out
Short-run and long-run in AD/AS model
Essay
1. Explain the quantity theory of money. Explain the Cambridge approach and
illustrate that it leads to the same identity as the quantity theory. What
assumptions are imposed to arrive at a theoretical statement?
2. Is velocity a constant in Keynes liquidity preference theory? When actual
data is examined, does velocity appear to be a constant? Why is this important?
3. What is the money demand function in the classical model?
4. Discuss the transactions, precautionary, and speculative motives for
holding money in Keynes liquidity preference theory. When all three motives are
put together, what theory of money demand emerges?
5. Show the money demand curve graphically. Show how the money demand curve
shifts when income increases.
6. According to Baumol, the transactions demand for money depends upon the
interest rate as well as nominal income. Explain why the transactions demand for
money depends upon the interest rate. Why is this important?
7. What did Tobin add to Keynes theory of the speculative demand for money?
Why was this development important?
8. Explain Friedman's Modern Quantity Theory of the Demand for Money.
9. What is the 45 degree line diagram? What is the expenditure multiplier?
10. What is the slope of the expenditure function? What factors cause the
expenditure function to shift?
11. Derive the IS curve. Explain intuitively why it slopes downward.
12. Derive the LM curve. Explain intuitively why it slopes upward.
13. What factors cause the IS curve to shift? In what direction do they shift
the IS curve?
14. What factors cause the LM curve to shift? In what direction do they shift
the LM curve?
15. Is the equilibrium in the IS-LM model stable? Explain.
16. Show graphically and explain intuitively how an increase in government
spending affects income and the interest rate in the IS-LM model.
17. Show graphically and explain intuitively how an increase in the money
supply affects income and the interest rate in the IS-LM model.
18. Explain why the LM curve is vertical when money demand is unaffected by
changes in the interest rate (as in the classical model).
19. Use the IS-LM model to show that monetary policy becomes more effective
relative to fiscal policy as money demand becomes less sensitive to the interest
rate. Explain the result intuitively.
20. Explain why investment is less sensitive to interest rate changes in
recessions as compared to when the economy is operating closer to full
employment. Explain why the IS curve is vertical when investment is completely
insensitive to changes in the interest rate.
21. Use the IS-LM model to show that fiscal policy becomes more effective
relative to monetary policy as investment becomes less sensitive to the interest
rate. Explain the result intuitively. What does this imply about the use of
monetary and fiscal policy over the business cycle?
22. Show that the Fed cannot continuously hit both a money supply target and
an interest rate target, i.e. that it must choose one or the other.
23. Explain Poole's rules.
24. Do changes in the money supply and government spending affect output in
the long-run? Explain using the IS-LM model.
25. Derive the aggregate demand curve from the IS-LM model and explain
intuitively why it slopes downward. What factors cause the AD curve to shift? In
what direction do they shift the AD curve?