This is for the topics we covered after the midterm. The review
materials for the topics covered before the midterm are
here (the final is comprehensive).
Definitions
Consumption, disposable income, MPC and MPS
Investment
Government spending
Aggregate demand or expenditures
Expenditure multiplier
IS curve
LM curve
Policy effectiveness
Crowding out
Potential or natural rate of output
Short-run aggregate supply
Long-run aggregate supply
Debt monetization
Inflation
Cost push inflation
Demand pull inflation
Activist/non-activist
Data lag
Recognition lag
Legislative lag
Implementation lag
Effectiveness lag
Policy ineffectiveness proposition
Rational expectations
Price rigidity
Essay
Chapter 19 [cont.]
1. What did Tobin add to Keynes theory of the speculative demand for money?
Why was this development important?
2. Explain Friedman's Modern Quantity Theory of the Demand for Money.
3. Derive the IS curve. Explain intuitively why it slopes downward. What
factors cause the IS curve to shift? In what direction do they shift the IS
curve?
4. Derive the LM curve. Explain intuitively why it slopes upward. What
factors cause the LM curve to shift? In what direction do they shift the LM
curve?
5. Show graphically and explain intuitively how an increase in government
spending affects income and the interest rate in the IS-LM model.
6. Show graphically and explain intuitively how an increase in the money
supply affects income and the interest rate in the IS-LM model.
7. Explain why the LM curve is vertical when money demand is unaffected by
changes in the interest rate (as in the classical model). Explain and show
graphically why the LM curve is horizontal in a liquidity trap.
8. Use the IS-LM model to show that monetary policy becomes more effective
relative to fiscal policy as money demand becomes less sensitive to the interest
rate (examine the cases where the LM curve is either vertical or horizontal).
Explain the result intuitively. What does this imply about the use of monetary
and fiscal policy over the business cycle?
9. Explain why investment is less sensitive to interest rate changes in
recessions as compared to when the economy is operating closer to full
employment. Explain why the IS curve is vertical when investment is completely
insensitive to changes in the interest rate.
10. Use the IS-LM model to show that fiscal policy becomes more effective
relative to monetary policy as investment becomes less sensitive to the interest
rate (examine the cases where the IS curve is either vertical or horizontal).
Explain the result intuitively. What does this imply about the use of monetary
and fiscal policy over the business cycle?
11. Show that the Fed cannot continuously hit both a money supply target and
an interest rate target, i.e. that it must choose one or the other.
12. Explain Poole's rules.
13. Do changes in the money supply and government spending affect output in
the long-run? Explain using the IS-LM model.
14. Derive the aggregate demand curve from the IS-LM model and explain
intuitively why it slopes downward. What factors cause the AD curve to shift? In
what direction do they shift the AD curve?
15. Why does the short-run aggregate supply curve slope upward? What factors
cause the aggregate supply curve to shift?
16. Is the economy self-correcting? What problems are encountered in the
pursuit of activist policies?
17. What causes the LRAS curve to shift, i.e. what factors affect the natural
rate of output? Explain.
18. (a) Do Monetarists agree with Friedman's contention that inflation is
always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon? Explain using the AD-AS model. (b)
Do Keynesians agree with Friedman's contention that inflation is always and
everywhere a monetary phenomenon? Explain using the AD-AS model.
19. Explain how the pursuit of a high employment target by policymakers can
lead to inflation.
20. Can budget deficits lead to inflation? Explain.
21. Why might governments choose to monetize the debt?
22. Compare and contrast the effects of an unexpected increase or decrease in
the money supply on prices and output in the traditional Keynesian, New
Classical, and New Keynesian models.
23. Compare and contrast the effects of an expected increase or decrease in
the money supply on prices and output in the traditional Keynesian, New
Classical, and New Keynesian models.
24. Suppose the monetary authority wants to stop inflation rate. Compare the
costs (in terms of output) of reducing inflation in the traditional Keynesian,
New Classical, and New Keynesian models. Be sure to cover both an expected and
an unexpected change in policy. Why is the credibility of policymakers
important?